Xsens – Inertial sensor technology
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Research

With more than 10 years of experience, Xsens motion trackers have been used in real-life situations, controlling un-manned vehicles, for pre-visualisation purposes in movie and game making as well as in some important scientific research. Here you can find a collection of scientific articles, published in peer-reviewed journal articles, see the exciting research that Xsens has carries out alone and in collaboration with other institutes as well as the PhD and Masters theses that have used Xsens products as a basis for research.

  • Scientific Papers
  • Conference Papers
  • Theses
  • Xsens Research
  • Collaboration

Journal Articles

Author Title Journal Link Xsens Product
Martínez-Ramírez, A, Weenk D, Lecumberri P,1, Verdonschot N, Pakvis D, Veltink PH Pre-operative ambulatory measurement of asymmetric lower limb loading during walking in total hip arthroplasty patients Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
2013: 10-41
Link
Xsens ForceShoe
Pellegrini A, Tonino P, Paladini P, Cutti A, Ceccarelli F, Porcellini G. Motion analysis assessment of alterations in the scapulo-humeral rhythm after throwing in baseball pitchers Musculoskeletal Surgery
2013; 97(1):9-13
Link

Xbus kit
MTw
Xsens Demonstrators (Shoulder Monitor)


Ha TH, Saber-Sheikh K, Moore AP, Jones MPMeasurement of lumbar spine range of movement and coupled motion using inertial sensors - a protocol validity studyMan Ther.
2013 Feb;18(1):87-91.
doi: 10.1016/j.math.2012.04.003
Link

MTx
Xbus Kit
(Validation Study)

van den Noort JC, Ferrari A, Cutti AG, Becher JG, Harlaar J. Gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy via inertial and magnetic sensors Med Biol Eng Comput.
2013;51(4):377-86
doi: 10.1007/s11517-012-1006-5
Link
Xbus kit
MTw
Xsens Demonstrators (Gait Monitor)
KiC
(validation study)
van den Noort JC, van der Esch M, Steultjens MPM, Dekker J, Schepers HM, Veltink PH, Harlaar J. Ambulatory measurement of the knee adduction moment in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

J. Biomech.
2013;46(1):43-49
doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.09.030

Link
ForceShoe
Starrs P, Chohan A, Fewtrell D, Richards J, Selfe J Biomechanical differences between experienced and inexperienced wheelchair users during sport

Prosthet Orthot Int
2012; 36(3): 324-31

Link
MVN BIOMECH
(Validation Study)

Olsen E, Andersen PH, Pfau T.

Accuracy and Precision of Equine Gait Event Detection during Walking with Limb and Trunk Mounted Inertial Sensors

Sensors
2012; 12: 8145-8156
doi:10.3390/s120608145

Link

Xbus Kit

Floor-Westerdijk MJ, Schepers HM, Veltink PH, van Asseldonk EHF, Buurke JH

Use of Inertial Sensors for Ambulatory Assessment of Center-of-Mass Displacements During Walking

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
2012; 59 (7): 2080-2084

Link

Xbus Kit
(Validation Study)

Hamacher D, Bertram D, Fölsch C, Schega L

Evaluation of a visual feedback system in gait retraining: A pilot study.

Gait Posture
2012;36(2):182-186

Link

Xsens MVN

Parel I, Cutti AG, Fiumana G, Porcellini G, Verni G, Accardo AP.

Ambulatory measurement of the scapulohumeral rhythm: Intra- and inter-operator agreement of a protocol based on inertial and magnetic sensors.

Gait Posture
2012; 35(4):636-40.

Link

Xbus Kit
(Repeatability Study)

Faber GS, Chang CC, Kingma I, Schepers HM, Herber S, Veltink PH, Dennerlein JT.

A force plate based method for the calibration of force/torque sensors

J. Biomechanics
2012; 45(7):1332-8

Link

Xsens ForceShoe

Spain RI, St. George RJ, Salarian A, Mancini M, Wagner JM, Horak FB. and Bourdette D.

Body-worn motion sensors detect balance and gait deficits in people with multiple sclerosis who have normal walking speed

Gait Posture
2012; 35(4):573-8

Link

Xbus Kit

Krüger A, McAlpine P, Borrani P. and Edelmann-Nusser J.

Determination of three-dimensional joint loading within the lower extremities in snowboarding

Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng, Part H: J. Eng. Med.
2012;226(2):170-175

Link

MVN BIOMECH

Parel I, Cutti AG, Fiumana G, Porcellini G, Verni G, Accardo AP.

Ambulatory measurement of the scapulohumeral rhythm: Intra- and inter-operator agreement of a protocol based on inertial and magnetic sensors

Gait Posture
2012; 35(4): 636-40

Link

Xbus Kit
(Repeatability Study)

van der Noort JC, van der Esch M, Steultjens MP, Dekker J, Schepers HM, Veltink PH, Harlaar J. The knee adduction moment measured with an instrumented force shoe in patients with knee osteoarthritis

J. Biomechanics
2012; 45(2):281-288

Link
Xsens ForceShoe
(Validation Study)

van der Noort JC, van der Esch M, Steultjens MP, Dekker J, Schepers HM, Veltink PH and Harlaar J.

Influence of the instrumented force shoe on gait pattern in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

Med. Bio. Eng. and Comput.
2011; 49(12); 1381-1392
doi: 10.1007/s11517-011-0818-z

Link

Xsens ForceShoe
(Validation Study)

Martínez-Ramírez A, Lecumberri P, Gómez M, et al

Frailty assessment based on wavelet analysis during quiet standing balance test

J. Biomechanics
2011; 44(12): 2213-20

Link

MTx

Reininga IHF, Stevens M, Wagenmakers R. et al

Accuracy and reproducibility of a body-fixed-sensor based assessment of compensatory trunk movements and spatiotemporal gait parameters in patients with hip osteoarthritis

Amer. J. of Phys. Med. and Rehab.
2011; 90(8): 681-687

Link

Xbus Kit
(Validation Study)

Berthouze L, Mayston M.

Design and validation of surface-marker clusters for the quantification of joint rotations in general movements in early infancy

J. Biomechanics
2011;44(6):1212-5

Link

MVN BIOMECH
(Validation Study)

Mc Donald RL, Wilson GN, Molloy A, Franck LS.

Feasibility of three electronic instruments in studying the benefits of adaptive seating

Disabil. Rehabil. Assist. Technol.
2011; 6(6): 483-90.

Link

MTx

Paulis WD, Horemans HLD, Brouwer BS, Stam HJ.

Excellent test-retest and inter-rater reliability for Tardieu Scale measurements with inertial sensors in elbow flexors of stroke patients

Gait Posture
2011;33(2):185-189

Link

Xbus Kit
(Validation Study)

Zhou H. and Hu H.

Reducing Drifts in the Inertial Measurements of Wrist and Elbow Positions

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 575 –585, Mar. 2010

Link

Xbus kit
(Validation Study)

Mancini M. and Horak F.B.

The relevance of clinical balance assessment tools to differentiate balance deficits

Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med.
2010; 46(2): 239–248

Link

Xbus Kit

Krüger A and Edelmann-Nusser J.

Application of a full body inertial measurement in alpine skiing: A comparison with an optical video based system

J. Appl. Biomech.
2010; 26(4):516-21

Link

MVN BIOMECH
(Validation Study)

Hol JD, Schön TB, Gustafsson F.

Modeling and calibration of inertial and vision sensors

Int. J. Robotics Res.
2010; 29(2):231–244
doi: 10.1177/0278364909356812

Link


Schepers HM, van Asseldonk EHF, Baten CTM, Veltink PH.

Ambulatory estimation of foot placement during walking using inertial sensors

J. Biomechanics
2010; 43:(16):3138-3143.

Link

Xsens ForceShoe
(Validation Study)

Faber GS, Kingma I, van Diëen JH.

Bottom-up estimation of joint moments during manual lifting using orientation sensors instead of position sensors

J. Biomechanics
2010;43:1432–1436

Link

Xsens ForceShoe

Faber GS, Kingma I, Schepers MH, Veltink PH, van Diëen JH.

Determination of joint moments with instrumented force shoes in a variety of tasks

J. Biomechanics
2010;43:2848–2854

Link

Xsens ForceShoe

Supej M.

3D Measurements of alpine skiing with an inertial sensor motion capture suit and GNSS RTK system

J. Sports Sciences
2010; 28: 7, 759 — 769

Link

Xsens MVN

Cutti AG, Ferrari A, Garofalo P, et al.

‘Outwalk’: a protocol for clinical gait analysis based on inertial & magnetic sensors

Med. Bio. Eng. Comput.
2010;48(1):17-25

Link

Xbus Kit

Ferrari A, Cutti AG, Garofalo P, et al.

First in-vivo assessment of ‘Outwalk’ – a novel protocol for clinical gait analysis based on inertial & magnetic sensors

Med. Bio. Eng. Comput.
2010;48(1):1-15

Link

Xbus Kit
(Validation Study)

Schepers HM and Veltink PH.

Stochastic magnetic measurement model for relative position and orientation estimation

Meas. Sci. Technol. 21
2010; 065801 (10pp)

Link


Schepers HM, Roetenberg D, Veltink PH.

Ambulatory human motion tracking by fusion of inertial and magnetic sensing with adaptive actuation

Med. Bio. Eng. Comput.
2010;48:27–37

Link


Martínez-Ramírez A, Lecumberri P, Gómez M, Izquierdo M.

Wavelet analysis based on time-frequency information discriminate chronic ankle instability

Clin Biomech.
2010;25(3):256-64

Link

MTx

Saber-Sheikh K, Bryant EC, Glazzard C, Hamel A, Lee RY.

Feasibility of using inertial sensors to assess human movement

Man. Ther.
2010;15(1):122-5

Link

Lab link

MTx
(Validation Study)

Monaghan CC, Hermens HJ, Nene AV, Tenniglo MJB, Veltink PH

The effect of FES of the tibial nerve on physiological activation of leg muscles during gait

Med. Eng. & Phys.
2010;32(4):332-338

Link

Xbus Kit

Faber GS, Kingma I, Bruijn SM & van Dieën JH

Optimal inertial sensor location for ambulatory measurement of trunk inclination

Journal of Biomechanics, 2009, 42(14): 2406-2409

Link

Xbus Kit
MTx
MTw

Monaghan CC, van Riel WJB, Veltink PH

Control of triceps surae stimulation based on shank orientation using a uniaxial gyroscope during gait

Med. Bio. Eng. Comput.
2009;47(11):1181

Link

Xbus Kit

Schepers HM, van Asseldonk EHF, Buurke JH, Veltink PH.

Ambulatory estimation of center of mass displacement during walking

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
2009; 56:1189-1195

Link

Xsens ForceShoe
(Validation Study)

Kruger A and Edelmann-Nusser J.

Biomechanical analysis in freestyle snowboarding: application of a full-body inertial measurement system and a bilateral insole measurement system

Sports Technol.
2009; 2 (1–2):17–23

doi: 10.1002/jst.89

Link

Xsens MVN

van der Noort JC, Scholtes VAB, Harlaar J.

Evaluation of clinical spasticity assessment in cerebral palsy using inertial sensors

Gait Posture
2009; 30(2):138-143

Link

Xbus Kit
(Validation Study)

Veltink PH, Kortier H, Schepers HM.

Sensing power transfer between the human body and the environment

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
2009;56(6)

Link


Cutti AG, Giovanardi A, Rocchi L, Davalli A, Sacchetti R.

Ambulatory measurement of shoulder and elbow kinematics through inertial and magnetic sensors

Med. Bio. Eng. Comput.
2008; 46:169–178

Link

Xbus Kit
(Validation Study)

Monaghan CC, Hermens HJ, Nene AV, Tenniglo MJB, Veltink PH

Interaction of Artificial and Physiological Activation of the Gastrocnemius During Gait

Neuromodulation
2008;11(2):135-142
doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2008.00156.x.

Link

Xbus Kit

Brodie M, Walmsley A, Page W.

Fusion motion capture: a prototype system using inertial measurement units and GPS for the biomechanical analysis of ski racing

Sports Technology
2008; 1(1): 17–28

Link

Xbus Kit
Xsens MVN

Zhou H, Stone T, Hu H, Harris N.

Use of multiple wearable inertial sensors in upper limb motion tracking

Med. Eng. & Physics. 2008;30(1):123-133

Link

MT9B

Chandaria J, Thomas GA, Stricker D.

The MATRIS project: real-time markerless camera tracking for augmented reality and broadcast applications

J. Real-Time Image Processing
2007b; 2(2):69-79
doi: 10. 1007/s11554-007-0043-z.

Link

MTi

Hol JD, Schön TB, Luinge HJ, Slycke PJ, Gustafsson F.

Robust real-time tracking by fusing measurements from inertial and vision sensors

J. of Real-Time Image Processing
2007;2(2):149-160
doi: 10.1007/s11554-007-0040-2.

Link

MTi

Chandaria J, Thomas G, Bartczak B, et al.

Real-time camera tracking in the MATRIS project

SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal
2007;116(7–8):266–271

Link

MTi

Liedtke C, Fokkenrood SAW, Menger JT, van der Kooij H, Veltink PH.

Evaluation of instrumented shoes for ambulatory assessment of ground reaction forces

Gait Posture
2007; 26: 39–47

Link

Xsens ForceShoe
(Validation Study)

Schepers HM, Koopman HFJM, Veltink PH.

Ambulatory assessment of ankle and foot dynamics

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
2007; 54(5): 895–902

Link

Xbus Kit

Moore ST, MacDougall HG, Gracies JM, et al.

Long-term monitoring of gait in Parkinson’s disease

Gait Posture
2007; 26: 200–207

Link

MT9

Roetenberg D, Baten CTM, Veltink PH.

Estimating body segment orientation by applying inertial and magnetic sensing near ferromagnetic materials

IEEE Trans. Neural. Sys. & Rehab. Eng.
2007;15(3): 469-471

Link


Roetenberg D, Slycke PJ, Veltink PH.

Ambulatory position and orientation tracking fusing magnetic and inertial sensing

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
2007; 54(5): 883–890

Link


Luinge HJ, Veltink PH, Baten CTM.

Ambulatory measurement of arm orientation

J. Biomechanics
2007; 40: 78–85

Link

MT9

Zhou H, Hu H, Tao Y.

Inertial measurements of upper limb motion

Med. Bio. Eng. Comp.
2006;44(6):479-487

Link

MT9B

Roetenberg D, Luinge HJ, Baten CTM, Veltink PH.

Compensation of magnetic disturbances improves inertial and magnetic sensing of human body segment orientation

IEEE Trans. Neural. Sys. & Rehab. Eng.
2005;(3)

Link


Roetenberg D, Luinge HJ, Veltink PH.

Inertial and magnetic sensing of human movement near ferromagnetic materials

UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE ,THE NETHERLANDS

Link


Veltink PH, Liedtke C, Droog A, van der Kooij H.

Ambulatory measurement of ground reaction forces

IEEE Trans. Neural. Sys. & Rehab. Eng.
2005;13: 423-427

Link

Xsens ForceShoe

Veltink PH, Slycke PJ, Hemssems J, Buschman R, Bultstra G, Hermens HJ.

Three dimensional inertial sensing of foot movements for automatic tuning of a two-channel implantable drop-foot stimulator

Med. Eng. & Phys.
2003; 25(1): 21-28.

Link

MT9
Xbus Kit

Conference Articles

Author Title Reference Link Xsens Product
Brock H., Schmitz G., Baumann J., and Effenberg A. O.If motion sounds: Movement sonification based on inertial sensor data

9th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association (ISEA), Elsevier, Procedia Engineering 34 ( 2012 ) 556 – 561

Link
Xbus Kit

Parel I., Cutti A.G., Raggi M., Petracci E., Pellegrini A., Porcellini G., Verni G.

Bootstrap prediction bands of scapula kinematics based on the ISEO protocol

Conference Proceedings 13th SIAMOC National conference
3-6 October 2012, Bellaria, Italy
(to appear in Gait & Posture)

Conference Website

Xbus kit

Jana Lobotkova, Zuzana Halicka, Kristina Buckova, Frantisek Hlavacka

Step initiation: characteristics from accelerometry and camera motion capture system

Conference Proceedings Motor Control, 27-29 September 2012, Wisla, Poland

Link (p. 48)

Xbus Kit

van den Noort J., Wiertsema S., Hekman K., Schönhuth C., Dekker J., Harlaar J.

Reliability of 3D measurement of scapular kinematics with a wireless inertial and magnetic measurement system for clinical assessment of scapular dyskinesis: preliminary results

Conference Proceedings, ESMAC 21st Annual Meeting, Stockholm, Sweden. September 10-15, 2012. pp 85

Conference Website

MTw
Development Kit

Lobotkova J., Halicka Z., Buckova K., Hlavacka F.

Assessment of gait initiation parameters from trunk accelerations and camera-based motion capture system

Joint FEPS & Spanish Physiological Society Scientific Congress 2012, Santiago De Compostela


Xbus Kit

Brückner H.P., Wielage M., Blume H.

Intuitive and Interactive Movement Sonification on a Heterogeneous RISC / DSP Platform

The 18th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD-2012)

Link

Xbus Kit

Zhang M., Vydhyanathan A., Young A., Luinge H.J.

Robust height tracking by proper accounting of nonlinearities in an integrated UWB/MEMS-based-IMU/Baro system

Proceedings of the IEEE/ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) 2012, Myrtle Beach, US, Apr. 2012

Link

MTw
Development Kit

Zhang M., Hol J.D., Slot L., Luinge H.J.

Second Order Nonlinear Uncertainty Modeling in Strapdown Integration Using MEMS IMUs

Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Fusion, Vol. 1, 2011, pp. 1679-1685, Chicago, US, Jul. 2011

Link

MTw
Development Kit

Brückner H. P., Bartels C., Blume H.

PC-based real time sonification of human motion captured by intertial sensors

The 17th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD-2011)

Link

Xbus Kit

Tautges J., Zinke A., Krüger B., Baumann J., Weber A.,  et al

Motion Reconstruction Using Sparse Accelerometer Data

ACM Trans. Graph. (May 2011), 30:3(18:1-18:12)

Link

Xbus Kit

Reininga I.H.F., Stevens M., et al

Accuracy and reproducibity of a body-fixed-sensor based assessment of compensatory trunk movements and spatiotemporal gait parameters in patients with hip osteoarthritis

Poster ICAMPAM, May 24-27 2011, Glasgow, UK


Xbus Kit

Reininga I.H.F., Stevens M.,  et al

Patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis show distinctive patterns of trunk movements during gait – a body-fixed-sensor based analysis

Proceeding ICAMPAM, May 24-27 2011, Glasgow, UK


Xbus Kit

Hol, J. D., Schön T. B., Gustafsson F.

Ultra-wideband calibration for indoor positioning

Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, volume 2, pages 1-4, Nanjing, China, Sept. 2010b.

doi: 10.1109/ICUWB.2010.5616867.

Link


Schepers M.H., Roetenberg D., Veltink P.H., Luinge H.J.

Continuous Center of Mass Displacement Estimation During Walking Comparison between MVN and the ForceShoe

The 11th International Symposium on the 3-D Analysis of Human Movement

14 - 16 July2010, San Francisco, USA


Xsens MVN
ForceShoe

Cloete, T.; Scheffer, C.

Repeatability of an off-the-shelf, full body inertial motion capture system during clinical gait analysis

Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE 11 Nov 2010 pp 5125-5128

Link

Xsens MVN

Reininga I.H.F., Zijlstra W., et al

Test-retest reliability of a body-fixed sensor gait analysis protocol for evaluating trunk movements and gait parameters in patients with hip osteoarthritis

Poster ESMAC, September 16-19 2009, London, UK


Xbus Kit

J. D. Hol, F. Dijkstra, H. Luinge, and T. B. Schön.

Tightly coupled UWB/IMU pose estimation

Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, pages 688{692, Vancouver, Canada, Sept. 2009.
doi: 10.1109/ICUWB.2009.5288724. Best student paper award.

Link


Field, M.; Stirling, D.; Naghdy, F.; Zengxi Pan

Motion capture in robotics review

IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation, 2009. ICCA 2009  pp: 1697 - 1702
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ICCA.2009.5410185


Xsens MVN

Tanigawa M., Hol J.D., Dijkstra F., Luinge H.J., Slycke P.J.

Augmentation of Low-cost GPS/MEMS INS with UWB Positioning System for Seamless Outdoor/Indoor Positioning

ION GNSS 2008 Link


MTi
UWB

Tanigawa M., Luinge H.J., Schipper L., Slycke P.J.

Drift-Free Dynamic Height Sensor using MEMS IMU Aided by MEMS Pressure Sensor

WPNC 2008

Link


MTi-G

F. Gustafsson, T. B. Schön, and J. D. Hol

Sensor fusion for augmented reality

Proceedings of 17th International Federation of Automatic Control World Congress, Seoul, South Korea, July 2008.
doi: 10.3182/20080706-5-KR-1001.3059.

Link


MTi

Mancini, C. Zampieri, P. Carlson-Kuhta, F. B. Horak and L. Chiari

Stance posture in early Parkinson’s disease are detectable with a wearable inertial device

Gait & Posture, Vol 28 (Suppl 1), p.S30, August 2008 (Abstract SIAMOC 08)

Link
Xbus Kit
Mancini,  M.,  F.B  Horak and L.  Chiari.

Accelerometers detect anticipatory postural adjustments prior to step initiation in early Parkinson’s disease

Abstract SIAMOC 08, Gait & Posture. (in press)

Link
Xbus Kit

Reininga I.H.F., Stevens M., et al

Reliability of a body-fixed sensor gait analysis protocol for evaluating gait function in patients with hip osteoarthritis

Poster ICAMPAM, May 21-24 2008, Rotterdam, The Netherlands


Xbus Kit

Hol J.D., Schön T.B., Gustafsson F.

A new algorithm for calibrating a combined camera and IMU sensor unit

Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, pages 1857–1862, Hanoi, Vietnam, Dec. 2008b. 

doi: 10.1109/ICARCV.2008.4795810.

Link

Hol J.D., Schön T.B., Gustafsson F.

Relative pose calibration of a spherical camera and an IMU

Proceedings of 8th International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality,  pages 21–24, Cambridge, UK, Sept. 2008a.

doi: 10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637318.

Link


Hesami, A.; Naghdy, F.; Stirling, D.; Hill, H

Perception of human gestures through observing body movements

International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2008. ISSNIP 2008. pp 97 - 102

Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ISSNIP.2008.4761969


Xsens MVN

Field, M.; Stirling, D.; Naghdy, F.; Zengxi Pan

Mixture Model Segmentation for Gait Recognition

Symposium on Learning and Adaptive Behaviors for Robotic Systems, 2008. LAB-RS '08. ECSIS pp 3 - 8
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/LAB-RS.2008.26


Xsens MVN

Peter Vi.

Effectiveness of a drywall sanding machine reducing forceful exertions and repetitive motion

AHFE international conference 2008

Link

MTx

Renaudin, V., Yalak, O., Tomé P.

Hybridization of MEMS and assisted GPS for Pedestrian Navigation

Inside GNSS, January/February 2007

Link

Xbus Kit
MTx

Hol J. D., Schön T. B., Gustafsson F., Slycke P. J.

Sensor Fusion for Augmented Reality

Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Information Fusion, Florence, Italy, July 2006b.

doi: 10.1109/ICIF.2006.301604.

Link


Sun C., Naghdy F., Stirling D.

Application of MML to Motor Skills Acquisition

International Conference On Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation, 2006

Link

MTx

Hub, A., Hartter, T., Ertl, T.

Interactive Tracking of Movable Objects for the Blind on the Basis of Environment Models and Perception-Oriented Object Recognition Methods

Assets '06, Portland, USA, October 22–25, 2006

Link

MT9-B

Stiefmeier, T., Ogris, G., et al

Combining Motion Sensors and Ultrasonic Hands Tracking for Continuous Activity Recognition in a Maintenance Scenario

Wearable Computing Lab, ETH Zurich, Switzerland & Institute for Computer Systems and Networks, UMIT Innsbruck, Austria, 2006

Link

Xbus Kit

Thies, S.B., Tresadern, P., et al

Comparison of Linear Accelerations from three Measurements during reach and grasp

Centre for Rehabilitation and Human Performance Research, University of Salford, 2006

Link

Xbus Kit

J. D. Hol, T. B. Schön, F. Gustafsson, and P. J. Slycke

Sensor fusion for augmented reality

Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Information Fusion, Florence, Italy, July 2006.
doi: 10.1109/ICIF.2006.301604.

Link


Beauregard S

A Helmet-Mounted Pedestrian Dead Reckoning System

IFAWC 2006 March 15-16, Mobile Research Center TZI Technologie-Zentrum Informatik, Universitat Bremen

Link

MTx

Huiyu Zhou, Huosheng Hu, Yaqin Tao

Inertial measurements of upper limb motion

International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering 2006, 31 May 2006

Link

MT9-B

Pfau T., Witte T.H., Wilson A. M.

A method for deriving displacement data during cyclical movement using an inertial sensor

The Journal Of Experimental Biology 208, By The Company Of Biologists 2005, April 25th 2005

Link

MT9

Heinz E. A., Kunze K, et al

Using Wearable Sensors for Real-time Recognition Tasks in Games of Martial Arts – An Initial Experiment

Institute for Computer Systems and Networks (CSN), Umit – University of Health Systems, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tyrol, Austria, 2005

Link

Xbus Kit
MT9

Kunze K, Barry M, et al

Towards Recognizing Tai Chi – An Initial Experiment Using Wearable Sensors

Institute for Computer Systems and Networks CSN), Umit, Austria, 2005

Link

Xbus Kit

Huiyu Zhou and Huosheng Hu

Human Movement Tracking and Stroke Rehabilitation

Technical Report: CSM-420, Department of Computer Sciences, University of Essex, 8 December 2004

Link

MT9

Monaghan C. C, Veltink PH, et al

Control of Triceps Surae Stimulation based on shank orientation using a uniaxial gyroscope

9th Annual Conference of the International FES Society, September 2004

Link

MT9

Galvan-Duque C., Mayagoitia R., Wakil F

Biomechanics of Stair Climbing

RAATE - November 10, 2003 Centre of Rehabilitation Engineering, King's College London, 2003

Link

MT9

Goodvin C. I.

The development of a three-dimensional spinal motion measurement system for clinical practice

University of Victoria Engineering/Computer Science

Link

MT9

Veltink P.H., Hermens H. J., et al

Ambulatory systems for enhanced human motor control

3rd Workshop on European Scientific and Industrial Collaboration (WESIC 2001), SESSION BIO-MECHATRONICS (INVITED SESSION

Link


Veltink P.H., Slycke P. J., et al

Towards automatic optimization of gait supported by a two channel implantable drop foot stimulator

7th Vienna International Workshop on Functional Electrical Stimulation (2001), SESSION DROPPED FOOT, STIMULATORS

Link


Veltink P. H., Luinge H. J., et al

The Artificial Vestibular System - Design of A Tri-Axial Inertial Sensor System and Its Application in the Study of Human Movement

Symposium of the International Society for Postural and Gait Research (ISPG 2001), SESSION PERTURBATIONS OF GAIT AND POSTURE

Link


Author Title Thesis Link Xsens Product
Slawomir Grzonka

Mapping, State Estimation,
and Navigation for Quadrotors
and Human-Worn Sensor Systems
PhD Thesis, September 2011
University of Freiburg
Link
MTi, MVN
J. C. van den Noort
thesiscover_JvdNoort
Ambulatory Movement Analysis Systems in Clinical Motor Function Assessment - Applications of Inertial Sensors and an Instrumented Force Shoe

PhD Thesis, October 2011
VU University, Amsterdam

Link

Xsens ForceShoe
J.D. Hol
Sensor Fusion and Calibration of Inertial Sensors, Vision, Ultra-Wideband and GPS
Sensor Fusion and Calibration of Inertial Sensors, Vision, Ultra-Wideband and GPS

PhD Thesis, June 2011
Linköping University

Link


G. Bellusci
Ultra-Wideband Ranging for Low-Complexity Indoor Positioning Applications
Ultra-Wideband Ranging for Low-Complexity Indoor Positioning Applications

PhD Thesis, January 2011
Delft University of Technology

Link


Miao Zhang

Data Fusion for Ground Target Tracking in GSM Networks

PhD Thesis, December, 2010
University of Siegen, Germany

Link


A. Ferrari
Technical innovations for the diagnosis and the rehabilitation of motor and perceptive impairments of the child with Cerebral Palsy
Technical innovations for the diagnosis and the rehabilitation of motor and perceptive impairments of the child with Cerebral Palsy 

PhD Thesis, 2010
University of Bologna

Link

 xbus kit
P. Garofalo
Development of motion analysis protocols based on inertial sensors
Development of motion analysis protocols based on inertial sensors  

PhD Thesis, 2010
University of Bologna

Link

 xbus kit
G.S. Faber
ThesisCoverGFaber
Towards Ambulatory Assessment of Spinal Loading in the Field

PhD Thesis, June 2010
VU University, Amsterdam

Link

Xsens Xbus Kit
A.D. Young
Wireless Realtime Motion Tracking System using
Localised Orientation Estimation
PhD Thesis, June 2010
University of Edinburgh
Link

C.C. Monaghan
Functional electrical stimulation of the triceps surae during gait
Functional electrical stimulation of the triceps surae during gait

PhD Thesis, October 2009
University of Twente

Link

 MT9 / xbus kit
H.M. Schepers
Ambulatory Assessment of Human Body Kinematics and Kinetics
Ambulatory Assessment of Human Body Kinematics and Kinetics

PhD Thesis, June 2009
University of Twente

Link


P. van Geffen
Dynamic Sitting
Dynamic Sitting

PhD Thesis, May 2009
University of Twente

Link


G. Bleser (DFKI)
Towards Visual-Inertial SLAM for Mobile Augmented Reality
Towards Visual-Inertial SLAM for Mobile Augmented Reality

PhD Thesis, May 2009
Technical University Kaiserslautern

Link


M.D. Klein Horstman
The Twente Lower Extremity Model. Consistent Dynamic Simulation of the Human Locomoter Apparatus.
The Twente Lower Extremity Model. Consistent Dynamic Simulation of the Human Locomoter Apparatus

PhD Thesis, December 2007 University of Twente

Link


D. Roetenberg
Inertial and Magnetic Sensing of Human Motion
Inertial and Magnetic Sensing of Human Motion

 PhD Thesis, May 2006
University of Twente

Link


H.J. Luinge
Inertial Sensing of Human Movement
Inertial Sensing of Human Movement

PhD Thesis, December 2002
University of Twente

Link







Masters Theses





T. Cloete
Benchmarking full-body inertial motion capture for clinical gait analysis
Benchmarking full-body inertial motion capture for clinical gait analysis Masters Thesis March 2011 Link
MVN
G. De Bruin
Endoscope control by head movements
applied to minimally invasive surgery
Masters Thesis April 2010 Link
MTi
S.J. Cockcroft
An evaluation of inertial motion capture technology for use in the analysis and optimization of road cycling kinematics
An evaluation of inertial motion capture technology for use in the analysis and optimization of road cycling kinematics Masters Thesis January 2009 Link
 MVN
William Carl Mostertz, III
Quantifying antalgic gait knee function using inertial sensor technology Masters Thesis August 2008 Link
Xbus Kit

Xsens continuously invests in R&D to further push the boundaries of 3D tracking and to enable the next generation of products to serve its customers. Next to its corporate research Xsens also participates as a partner in selected (international) research project.

XSENS R&D

The majority of Xsens R&D output is eventually released as a product, from which our customers create ranges of publications. Some work however is more directed to explore the boundaries of current products and results in prototypes and concepts not (yet) available as commercial products, but inspiring and fun to share!

PROTOTYPES AND ADVANCED CONCEPT TESTS:


1. Combining Xsens MVN and LPM data

  • 1.a. For speed skating

2. Combining Xsens MVN and GPS data

  • 2.a. For skiing
  • 2.b. For driving a car


1. Combining Xsens MVN with LPM data

Biomechanical analysis of speed skating is challenging because of the technological and practical difficulties associated with motion capture on ice. LPM – Local Position Measurement System can accurately assess position, both indoors and outdoors. However, no on-body kinematics, such as joint angles can be derived from this system. Inertial sensors have proven to provide accurate body segment orientation. However, using gyroscopes and accelerometers only, calculation of the absolute position on the ice can become unstable.

1.a. Combining Xsens MVN with LPM data for accurate position and kinematics in and outdoors

Olympic and World Champion speed skating Ireen Wust wore the Xsens MVN System at Thialf in Heerenveen, The Netherlands. Here we collected MVN and LPM data. Results were analyzed off-line and discussed in the Dutch TV program Pavlov by prof. B. Otten of the University of Groningen and the athlete. The data revealed new insights of the athlete's skating technique at the curves of the ice rink. An example of the 3D animation and the right hip joint angles is presented below.

IreenWust_MVN_LPM_Skate
(Click image for larger view)

Olympic and World Champion Ireen Wust wearing the MVN suit, combined with a LPM transponder.
The lower graphs illustrates the right hip joint angles.

How did we do this?

See the data flow figure to see how the position data from LPM was fused offline with inertial data from the MTx, and the biomechanical data inside the MVN Fusion Engine. This data fusion leads to results much better than any system working alone. The output is accurate and smooth 3D position, velocity, acceleration, and orientation of all body segments throughout the complete track, even at high centripetal accelerations in the curves. The sensor fusion filters out glitches in LPM data and no magnetometers are used for heading determination.

XsensMVNDataFlow

Simplified MVN/LPM sensor fusion scheme.
In the Inertial Navigation System, gyroscope and accelerometer data is integrated in time to predict position, velocity and orientation. These estimates are used to calculate the body segment kinematics in the Biomechanical model.
Finally, position data from the LPM system is merged with the body kinematics. The estimated kinematics are fed back to be used for the next sample.



2. Combining Xsens MVN and GPS in MVN Studio

MVN BIOMECH is an ambulatory 3D kinematic analysis tool, providing highly accurate kinematic data, including segments kinematics (position, orientation, acceleration and velocity), 3D joint angles, calculated in accordance with ISB recommendations as well as body centre of mass, which has been validated against leading optical systems.

Since MVN is based on inertial sensor technology, measurements can be carried out anywhere. For examples of MVN used for snowboarding as well as in a study for the kinematics of a sky dive at Chemnitz University, Germany see the MVN movie page.

With MVN and GPS, the great outdoors is your motion analysis lab! Most applications of MVN outdoors may benefit from the integration of GPS data (position, velocity, time). To explore this further, the Xsens R&D team has explored a few different applications.

2.a. Skiing

To reinforce the positional data, Xsens research team has fused the GPS data from the Xsens MTi-G in MVN Studio, generating highly accurate position data as well as 3D kinematics of a skier, in action on the slopes.

To confirm this proof of concept, test trials were conducted during the ISEA Winter School in Cortina, under the supervision of Dr. Nicole Petrone, of Padova University, Italy.


Download movie | Movie download site

Advantages of combining MVN with GPS:

  • Subject position (location) on earth is measured
  • Minimalisation of position drift
  • Using the same concept from the MTi-G, absolute heading (true north) from GPS/inertial fusion means that magnetometers are not needed to stabilize heading observability.

2.b. Driving in a car

Another fantastic application of MVN with GPS capability is the use of GPS to detect heading, (true north) from GPS/inertial fusion, therefore the magnetometers are no longer needed. This general concept enables the use of MVN in some very challenging magnetic environments, such as inside an automobile. While the subject is driving, the magnetometer data can be ignored, therefore kinematics can be measured and remain highly accurate for prolonged periods.


Download movie | Movie download site


Current and past research projects in collaboration with external partners:

  • MC Impulse
  • SmartBot
  • Interaction
  • Fusion
  • muFly
  • FreeMotion
  • MATRIS
  • TUBA
  • Impulse

MC Impulse

As part of Xsens' participation in the EU funded Marie Curie program named MC Impulse, Xsens is investigating sensor fusion for nonlinear tracking problems and ultrawideband RF positioning in particular.

Partners:
University of Twente
Lancaster University
Linköping University
Fraunhofer Institute KFIE
Thales
Saab Group
Rinicom

Project description
The MC Impulse network is a collaboration with the academic partners University of Twente, Lancaster University, Linköping University, Fraunhofer Institute KFIE and the industrial partners Thales, Saab AB, Rinicom and Xsens. The aim is to provide training to PhD students and postdoctoral fellows in the field of nonlinear sensor data processing and sensor networks.
> More about MC Impulse

MC Impulse

SmartBot

Develop multi-sensor robot platforms for maritime, agricultural and industry applications.

Date: November 2011 - November 2014

Partners:
Axum Engineering BV
DLV Plant
Imotec
INCAS³
Irmato
Strautmann

Project description
SmartBot is a cross-border collaboration between 24 different partners from Germany and the Netherlands. The aim is to develop multi sensor robot platforms for maritime, agricultural and industry applications. Xsens will participate in two of the three sub projects. The subproject Roboship is about an autonomous intelligent robot for the inspection and repair of ballast water tanks of ships. The sub project Sinbot a pilot environment for intelligent use of industrial robotics in a production environment. The first application will be focused on the production of composite material for the transport sector.
>
More about SmartBot


alt

Interaction

Develop an unobtrusive and modular system for monitoring daily life activities and for training upper and lower extremity motor function in stroke.

Date:
November 2011 - November 2014

Partners:

University of Twente
Roessingh Research and Development
University of Pisa
Smartex, Pisa
UZH, University of Zurich

Project description
Continuous daily-life monitoring of the functional activities of stroke survivors in their physical interaction with the environment is essential for optimal guidance of rehabilitation therapy by medical professionals and coaching of the patient. Such performance information cannot be obtained with present monitoring systems. It is the objective of the INTERACTION project to develop and validate an unobtrusive and modular system for monitoring daily life activities and for training of upper and lower extremity motor function in stroke subjects. The system will be unobtrusively integrated in clothing (e-textile), include fabric-based and distributed inertial sensing, and provide telemonitoring and adaptive on-body feedback capabilities. Telesupervision facilities will enable a clinical expert at a distance to evaluate performance effectively, coach the patient and influence training. Monitoring will be based on ambulatory sensing of muscle activation (EMG), interaction forces and body movements. The physical interaction with the environment during reaching and grasping will be assessed by relating interaction forces and movements. This provides information about power exchange between the human body and the environment, dynamics of the environment and task performance. Balancing the body will be assessed from ground reaction forces and relative foot placements. EMG provides information about neural control of movements, including abnormal synergies and spasticity. The assessment is made context aware by task identification and estimation of the dynamics of the environment from the sensed quantities. The system will first be validated in a lab setting, comparing the system against current clinical measures. It will subsequently be demonstrated during the actual daily life of stroke survivors.

> More about INTERACTION

FP7

Fusion

Development of ‘Click-On-and-Play’ 3D ambulatory motion monitoring and feedback.

Date: 2008 - now

Partners:
Roessingh Research and Development
University of Twente
TU Delft
Groot Klimmendaal
Sint Maartenskliniek

Project description
The FUSION project is a follow up of the successful project FreeMotion. A consortium of Dutch research institutes and companies, including Xsens have teamed up to develop a fast, instant manner of monitoring motion, using inertial sensor technology, with the added potential of real-time feedback. The goal of the research is to facilitate users with no prior knowledge of specialised hardware and software programming, such as physiotherapists, rehabilitation doctors etc.
>
More about Fusion

Fusion

muFly

Fully Autonomous Micro-Helicopter

Date: July 2006 - July 2009

Partners:
Autonomous Systems Lab of ETH Zurich
University of Freiburg (Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg)
Cedrat & Cedrat Technologies
CSEM (Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA)
Berlin University of Technology

Project description
Autonomous micro flying robots combine a large variety of technological challenges and are therefore an excellent showcase for leading edge micro/nano technologies and their integration with information technology towards a fully operational intelligent micro-system. Therefore, the muFly project proposes the development and implementation of the first fully autonomous micro helicopter comparable in size and weight to a small bird. The key challenges of the project include innovative concepts for power sources, sensors, actuators, navigation and helicopter design and their integration into a very compact system. The envisaged fully autonomous micro-helicopter will weight less than 30g and measure only 10cm in diameter. MuFly is a STREP project under the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Commission.
>
More about muFly

MuFly

Freemotion

The FreeMotion consortium

Date: January 2005 - December 2008

Partners:
Roessingh Research and Development (RRD
BMTI Twente University
Faculty of Movement Sciences, Free University of Amsterdam

Biorobotics Laboratory, Delft Technical University

Department of rehabilitation of Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam

Re-lion
Noldus Information Technologies

TNO Industries

Project description
FreeMotion is conducted by a consortium of Dutch research institutes and companies, in wich Xsens also participates. Currently optimal decision making around motor disorders and performance can only be made applying accurate and complete motion analysis methods. These elaborate laboratory based methods are only available in a few elite institutes.

FreeMotion focusses on the development of ambulatory methods using only body worn sensors for motion analysis in order to provide a larger part of the healthcare, ergonomic and sports professionals with similarly optimal decision making tools. Read more about Motion Capturing, Gait Analyses & Biomedical signals and systems.
> More about Freemotion

Freemotion

Matris

Markerless real-time Tracking for Augmented Reality Image Synthesis

Date: February 2004 - January 2007

Partners:
Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics
BBC R&D

Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel
University of Linkoping

Project description
Xsens teams up in a strong European consortium to develop a unique, markerless, solution for real-time 6DOF tracking for augmented and mixed reality applications. Per Slycke (CTO) of Xsens: "The MATRIS project aims to develop a unique, easy-to-use and robust technology for accurate 6DOF tracking of cameras in augmented and mixed reality applications. In technical terms, the system will track position, orientation, and focal length of a camera in real-time, using the camera images together with unobtrusive 6DOF inertial motion sensors mounted on the camera. This approach mimics the way a human orients himself, using the vestibular organ (in the ears) -which is essentially an inertial measurement unit, and the eyes- essentially comparable to a camera. The great thing about this approach is that the tracking system will not require any special infrastructure, or markers, to be installed."

J. Chandaria, G. Thomas, B. Bartczak, K. Koeser, R. Koch, M. Becker, G. Bleser, D. Stricker, C. Wohlleber, M. Felsberg, F. Gustafsson, J. D. Hol, T. B. Schon, J. Skoglund, P. J. Slycke, and S. Smeitz.
Real-time camera tracking in the MATRIS project
SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal, 116(7-8):266-271, Aug. 2007a.
> Link to paper

Matris

TUBA

Transceiver and Inertial Unit for Biomedical Application

Date: January 2002 - January 2005

Partners:
European technology for business limited
The salisbury health care national health service trust
Roessingh research and development b.v.
University college cork - national university of ireland

Project description
Xsens participated on this project, which was funded under the European Union 5th Framework Programme. The project developed a device to help patients with a problem known as drop foot. The device consists of a medical implant for stimulation of the peroneal nerve and a stimulator that strapped to the lower leg. Instead of using manual switches or footswitches for control of the stimulator, data of inertial sensors are used. A software algorithm accurately detects the gait phase and ensures that the implant stimulation is triggered at the correct time instance.

There are currently around 1.4 M stroke patients living with drop foot in Europe and the USA. In addition, the 3 different Microsystems to be developed can be used in a variety of other medical applications, e.g. other implantable systems and in monitoring human movement to help prevent back injury. This project introduces new Microsystems into the market place, thus helping to reduce the material resources required. In addition, it will improve the health and quality of life for people suffering from walking disabilities.

TUBA

Impulse

Improved Mobility through imPlanted fUnctional eLectricalStimulation of nErves

Date: June 2000 - May 2002

Partners:
Finetech-Medical Ltd

Roessingh Research and Development

Project description
The purpose of this project is to investigate the safety and effective of an Implanted Dropped Foot Stimulator. This medical device is a 2 channel implanted neuromuscular stimulator intended for the correction of dropped foot following stroke.

The nerve that controls the lifting of the foot in walking is called the common peroneal nerve. At a point, just below the knee, this nerve splits into two branches, the deep branch and the superficial branch. The deep branch goes to the muscles that lift (dorsiflex) and turn inward (inversion) the foot while the superficial branch supplies the muscles that turn the foot outwards (eversion). In normal walking, a combination of these movements is required. Therefore an electrode is surgically inserted in both nerves enabling the movements to be controlled separately. This causes nerve impulses to travel down the nerve to the muscle in the same way as naturally occurring nerve impulses. Stimulation begins when the foot is lifted and ends when the heel is returned to the ground. Sensation from the electrical stimulation should be very slight and it is expected that users will quickly become accustomed to it. Once healing has occurred the operation site scars should be negligible. It may be possible to palpate the implant under the skin but it is not expected to be noticeable to the eye.

Impulse

 

News

  • Xsens releases new Development Kit for wireless orientation tracking

    Xsens Press Release

  • New paper: Motion analysis assessment of alterations in the scapulo-humeral rhythm after throwing in baseball pitchers

    Assess the effect of pitching on SHR

  • > Read more news
 

Events

  • ITEC
    May 22 2013 - May 24 2013

  • Sensor Expo 2013
    Jun 04 2013 - Jun 06 2013

  • > All upcoming events
 

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